[스크랩] 스트롱 코드 (Strong Code) 헬라어 히브리어 사전
헬라어 한글사전 5624.hwp
스트롱Strong 콘커던스
Strong's Concordance (단어색인 사전)
스트롱사전에 기록된 구약 히브리어 단어(어근) -> 8647개
스트롱사전에 기록된 신약 헬라어(그리이스어)단어(어근)->5523개
원어 성경을 읽으며 단어를 찾거나 공부를 하다보면 스트롱 코드( Strong Code)라는 말이 많이 나오고 단어마다 매겨진 번호들이 있습니다. 그것이 스트롱 코드라 불리는 단어 번호표인데요 18세기 말 미국의 신학자이던 제임스 스트롱(James Strong 1822 – 1894; August 7, aged 71)이 성경연구의 편의를 위해서 구약과 신약의 원어 어근 단어마다 번호를 붙여놓고 어느 성경에 어떻게 사용되었는지를 100여명의 학자들의 연구를 통해 뽑아놓은 색인 사전입니다.
그리하여 도합 히브리어의 어근 8674개와 신약 헬라어 단어 5523개를 KJV성경을 기초로 사용된 예를 찾아보기로 편찬해놓은 책이 Strong's Concordance 입니다.
제임스 스트롱 (James Strong 1822 – 1894; August 7, aged 71)은 미국 뉴욕출신으로 웨슬리 신학Wesleyan University 을 1944년에 졸업하고 고향 뉴욕의 롱아일랜드에서 시장으로 재직하기도 하다가 그후 신학에 전념한 미국감리교 목사였으며 칼레톤 Carleton College 신학대학의 초대 총장이었습니다.
그 사용법은 예를 들면 어떤 헬라어 단어가 다른 곳에서는 어떻게 쓰였는지 살피는데 유용합니다.
어떤 단어의 스트롱 코드를 아시면 예를 들어 아래와 같은 스트롱 코드 사용 홈피에서 그 번호를 치면 발음과 사용된 구절들이 죽 나타납니다. ( 물론 영어 ㅠ) 그러나 도움이 되는 것은 말할 것도 없습니다.
▶ http://www.eliyah.com/lexicon.html
성경연구는 '뜻밖에' 이런 분들의 수고가 정말 큽니다.
'뜻밖'이라는 말은 예를 들면 1551년 최초로 성경의 장과 절(章節 : chapters and verses of Bible)을 오늘의 것으로 구분한 성경을 스위스 제네바에서 출판한 스테파누스(Stephanus Robertus)같은 경우를 말합입니다. 의외로 안 알려져 있습니다. 게다가 그가 인쇄업자에 불과했느니 파리에서 리용으로 가는 마상(馬上)에서 장과 절을 나누었느니.. ^^ 아니, 파리에서 리용으로 가는 말 위에서 어떻게 나누었는지 누가 보았는지 궁금... 그거참, 그런 말도 안되는 얘기들이 가는곳마다 실려있는 것도 거참입니다....
아마도 이제야 제대로 연구하다보니 성경의 장절이 빠지거나 잘못 이어진데에 대한 아쉬움의 반작용인지 모르지만 그렇다면... 진즉 장절을 나누어 붙일 일이지... 카톨릭 1500년에 그 기라성같은 이들은 인쇄업자가 말 위에서 흔들거리면서 장절을 나누는 동안 뭘 하고 있었나 그래? 그러니, 스테파누스든지 스트롱이든지 존중받아야한다는 뜻입니다....
그들의 오류도 있을터인데 그것은 후학들이 운전하면서 고쳐내면 됩니다.
<참고> 대한 성서공회의 게시판- 성경의 장절은 언제 누가 나눈것인가요?
http://www.bskorea.or.kr/about/faq/faq_view.aspx?idx=13
건 그렇고 이 기회에 한번 원어 성경읽기에 도전해보시죠.
신구약 단어 다 합해봐야 1만 5천개도 안됩니다. 그냥 몇년 읽다보면 신약같은 경우는 다 외어지기도 한답니다^^
구약성경이 많은 양의 단어를 담고 있지만 그 단어의 어근 별로 분류해 보면 대략 히브리어단어 8,700개와 아람어 단어 700개 정도로 이루어져 있는데 어떤 단어는 구약성경 전체에 걸쳐서 10,000번 이상 나오기 때문에 저절로 암송이 됩니다. 문제는 한 번 밖에 나오지 않는 단어들 때문이기도 합니다.
모음없는 히브리어 읽기가 어려운데 실제로 이스라엘에 가보면 모든 관공서의 문서가 다 모음이 없는 자음으로만 이루어져 있어 어떻게 발음해야하는지 고민되기도 합니다. 다행히 그 발음을 아는 단어라면 좋은데 전혀 모르는 단어일 때는 조금 헷갈립니다. 현지인들은 어렸을 때부터 어떤 단어는 어떤 발음이라는 것을 알아 자연스럽게 발음하지만 우리같은 경우는 '아'로 발음해야하는지 '에'로 발음해야하는지...
그런데 대부분 어떤 철자구조에서는 어떻게 발음하는 것을 모음을 공부하면서 자연스럽게 느끼게 됩니다. 또 자음 자체의 모음 역할, 그리고 동사의 시제 변화에 따른 발음의 변화 등을 익히면 그리 당황하지는 않을 듯 합니다. 때로는 유대인들도 서로 그 발음이 다르다고도 하니 너무 염려하지 않으셔도 될 듯 합니다.
먼저는 모음있는 히브리어로 공부하시고 나중 모음없는 히브리어와 비교하시면서 발음연습을 해보시면 몇 가지 원칙이 터득되리라고 생각합니다. 좀 더 자세한 원칙은 나중에...
일단 신구약 통틀어 1만 5천 단어도 안되는 원어 성경 한번 도전해보시지 않으시겠습니까? ^^
James Strong (1822–1894)
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, generally known as Strong's Concordance, is a concordance of the King James Bible (KJV) that was constructed under the direction of Dr. James Strong (1822–1894) and first published in 1890. Dr. Strong was Professor of exegetical theology at Drew Theological Seminary at the time. It is an exhaustive cross-reference of every word in the KJV back to the word in the original text.
Unlike other Biblical reference books, the purpose of Strong's Concordance is not to provide content or commentary about the Bible, but to provide an index to the Bible. This allows the reader to find words where they appear in the Bible. This index allows a student of the Bible to re-find a phrase or passage previously studied. It also lets the reader directly compare how the same word may be used elsewhere in the Bible. In this way Strong's Notes provides an independent check against translations, and offers an opportunity for greater, and more technically accurate understanding of text.
Strong's Concordance includes:
•The 8674 Hebrew root words used in the Old Testament. (Example: Hebrew word #582 in Strong's)
•The 5624 Greek root words used in the New Testament. (Example: Greek word #3056 in Strong's)
James Strong did not construct Strong's Concordance by himself; it was constructed with the effort of more than a hundred colleagues. It has become the most widely used concordance for the King James Bible.
Each original-language word is given an entry number in the dictionary of those original language words listed in the back of the concordance. These have become known as the "Strong's numbers". The main concordance lists each word that appears in the KJV Bible in alphabetical order with each verse in which it appears listed in order of its appearance in the Bible, with a snippet of the surrounding text (including the word in italics). Appearing to the right of scripture reference is the Strong's number. This allows the user of the concordance to look up the meaning of the original language word in the associated dictionary in the back, thereby showing how the original language word was translated into the English word in the KJV Bible.
New editions of Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible are still in print (in 2007). Additionally, other authors have used Strong's numbers in concordances of other Bible translations, such as the New International Version and American Standard Version. These are often also referred to as Strong's Concordances.
New editions of Strong's may exclude the comparative section (1611 KJV to 1614) and the asterisks that denote differential definitions of the same Hebrew or Greek words; due perhaps to denominational considerations, definitions may also be altered[citation needed].
Although the Greek words in Strong's Concordance are numbered 1–5624 editions of Strong's, the numbers 2717 and 3203–3302 are unassigned due to "changes in the enumeration while in progress". Not every distinct word is assigned a number, but only the root words. For example, αγαπησεις is assigned the same number as αγαπατε – both are listed as Greek word #25 in Strong's "αγαπαω".
Strong's Concordance is not a translation of the Bible nor is it intended as a translation tool. The use of Strong's numbers is not a substitute for professional translation of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into English by those with formal training in ancient languages and the literature of the cultures in which the Bible was written.
Since Strong's Concordance identifies the original words in Hebrew and Greek, Strong's numbers are sometimes misinterpreted by those without adequate training to change the Bible from its accurate meaning simply by taking the words out of cultural context. The use of Strong's numbers does not consider figures of speech, metaphors, idioms, common phrases, cultural references, references to historical events, or alternate meanings used by those of the time period to express their thoughts in their own language at the time. As such, professionals and amateurs alike must consult a number of contextual tools to reconstruct these cultural backgrounds. Many scholarly Greek and Hebrew Lexicons (e.g., Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon, Thayer's Greek Dictionary, and Vine's Bible Dictionary) also use Strong's numbers for cross-referencing, encouraging hermeneutical approaches to study.
Strong was born in New York City and graduated, in 1844, as valedictorian from Wesleyan University. Subsequently, he was mayor of his home town on Long Island. Later, having settled in Flushing, New York, he pursued biblical studies, held various local offices, and organized, built, and was the president of the Flushing railroad. In 1856 Wesleyan University granted him the degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). From 1858 until 1861, Strong was both Acting President and Professor of Biblical Literature at Troy University (New York). In 1868 he became Professor of Exegetical Theology at Drew Theological Seminary, where he remained for twenty-seven years. In 1881 Wesleyan honored Strong with the degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.). He died at Round Lake, New York in 1894.
[The Concordance]
His best known work is Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, first published in 1890, of which new editions are still in print. Numerous adaptations (e.g. Strongest Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible: 21st Century Edition) are also available.
For the concordance, Strong numbered every Hebrew or Greek root word which was found, for ease of reference. This numbering system (8674 Hebrew roots and 5523 Greek roots) is now widely used in the English speaking world and also widely available on the web[4] where it is used in conjunction with Wigram's Englishman's Concordances and Thayer's Lexicon.
A clarification to parts of the above paragraph would say "8674 Hebrew and Aramaic lexical entries; and 5523 Greek lexical entries, but note that there are only about 5415 actual entries, since more than 100 numbers were jumped over, for currently unknown reasons."[citation needed] At the end of the Greek Dictionary of the New Testament section of this book is the following Note: "Owing to changes in the enumeration while in progress, there were no words left for Nos. 2717 and 3203–3302, which were therefore silently dropped out of the vocabulary and references as redundant. This will occasion no practical mistake or inconvenience."[5] Further, note that modern lexical Old Testament systems currently separate out the Aramaic entries from the Hebrew entries, a practice done since at least the time of the early 20th century, as for example in the Hebrew lexicon commonly known as "Brown-Driver-Briggs."[citation needed]
[edit] Other Works
Another major contribution was to the magisterial "Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature"[6] (10 vols., 1867–81; supplement, 2 vols., 1885–7). Work on this project, having begun in 1853, Strong played second fiddle[weasel words] to Dr. John McClintock and did so for the preparation of the first few volumes. However, with Dr. McClintock's death in 1870, Strong took sole charge of the project to see it to its completion.
Mr. Strong was invited by Dr. Philip Schaff to join the Old Testament Company of the American committee of the Revised Version of the Bible, and worked within that company in preparing both the English/American, and the eventual American revision of the Bible that became known as The American Standard Revised Version of 1901. The American Revision Committee began work in 1871 and continued to work until 1901. Notable scholars of the day who worked on these two translations with Mr. Strong include W.L. Alexander, A.B. Davidson, S.R. Driver, Joseph Lightfoot, F.J.H.Hort, F.H.A. Schrivener, B.F. Westcott, Samuel Wilberforce, Henry Alford, S.P. Tregelles, J. Henry Thayer, Ezra Abbot, Charles Hodge, and of course Philip Schaff. In all, one hundred and one scholars on both sides of the Atlantic worked upon this historic revision. The sources for this paragraph are from Revised New Testament and History of Revision, Authorized Version 1881. Hubbard Brothers, Publishers; and The Ancestry of our English Bible, by Ira Maurice Price, Harper and Brothers, Third Revised Edition, 1956. The first of these books asserts that Mr. Strong graduated from Wesleyan University in 1844, in its brief biography of him.
Amongst others, some of his lesser works are "A New Harmony and Exposition of the Gospels" (1852); "Scripture History delineated from the Biblical Records and all other Accessible Sources" (1878) and "The Tabernacle of Israel in the Desert" (1888).
Dr. James Woodward Strong, theologian and scholar, was the first president of Carleton College. Despite lifelong illness and injury, Strong was a highly active man throughout his life, juggling multiple professional and personal occupations.
Strong was born on September 29, 1833 in Brownington, Vermont, one of three sons of Elijah Gridley Strong and Sarah Ashley Partridge. Despite ill health as a child, James began his working life at the age of fourteen with a yearlong assistantship in a printing office. He followed this service with two years in the Burlington bookstore of Edward Smith, during which time he also began studying Latin, a critical element of advanced study in a 19th century education. At the age of 17, Strong took a position teaching school in a mountain school district, the start of his professional life in academia.
In 1851, he accompanied his family to Beloit, Wisconsin, where his parents opened the old Beloit House as a temperance hotel. On arrival there, James enrolled in the preparatory department of the Beloit Academy, continuing as a student in the college department in 1854. He graduated at the head of his class in 1858. During his years of study he also taught in local schools, and in 1856 was chosen Beloit's first superintendent of schools. He also served as secretary of the State Teacher's Association and of the Library Association. He had also learned telegraphy during his time in Beloit, in 1853 taking charge of the local railway telegraph office. Strong brought his younger brother William to assist him in that office, launching William's career in the railroad business. (William would eventually become president of the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railroad.) In 1858, James served in the telegraph office in Madison, and at the same time he was a legislative reporter for Milwaukee newspapers.
In 1859, Strong began study at Union Theological Seminary in New York. His eyesight having become quite poor, his classmate Eugene Avery read lecture notes to him for his first two years. Strong married Mary Davenport in Beloit on September 3, 1861. Mary's help reading texts was invaluable and enabled him to complete his work and graduate from the seminary in 1862. Strong would rely on Mary for such help for the rest of his professional life.
Ordained as Congregationalist minister, he preached first in Brodhead, Wisconsin for two years, and then in Faribault, Minnesota beginning in 1865. The Congregational Church in Minnesota had established a college in the nearby town of Northfield in 1866, and in 1870, Strong was invited to become its first president. Initially, Strong declined the position, since the college's outlook seemed poor. Northfield College had few students in its preparatory academy, and up until that fall, no students in its college department. It was operating out of an old hotel, the construction of its new building stalled due to inadequate materials and a lack of funds. The trustees were convinced Strong was the man to provide the leadership to improve the college's reputation and financial status, so they made him a more generous offer and this time he accepted.
Strong's first challenge was to secure adequate funding for the school. He travelled to Boston to seek contributors. While riding with an acquaintance, a Mr. White, the carriage in which they rode was struck by an express train. White was killed outright, and Strong suffered serious injuries. New spread that Strong had been killed. Strong had recently visited William Carleton, a wealthy manufacturer in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and Carleton and his companion Susan Willis had promised a contribution of $1500 and a new piano. Upon learning of Strong's seemingly miraculous escape from death, Carleton was reportedly so moved that he concluded Strong had been saved for some greater purpose. Carleton thereupon made a donation to the college of $50,000, the largest contribution to a western college at the time. The grateful trustees of the college renamed the school in Carleton's honor.
Strong's tenure as President of Carleton College lasted over three decades. Under his leadership, the college's endowment, campus, faculty, and student body all grew considerably, and Carleton ranked among the foremost colleges of the upper Midwest. He retired in 1903.
Dr. Strong was active in the Congregational Church, serving in almost every National Council from 1865 onward. He served as president of the Congregational Home Missionary Society of Minnesota from 1872 to 1895.
Strong died in his sleep February 24, 1913.
자료출처: http://blog.naver.com/panem/70143511773